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0941.PR
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1993-04-23
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PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
PASADENA, CALIF. 91109. TELEPHONE (213) 354-5011
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Unexpected fluctuations in the amount of solar ì
ì
energy that reaches Earth have been detected by a NASA ì
ì
satellite, revealing that the sun is more variable than ì
ì
previously believed.
Detection of even the slightest long-term change in ì
ì
the sun's emission of energy is important for predictions of ì
ì
cooling or heating trends in Earth's climate.
The satellite has measured increases and decreases ì
ì
of solar radiation of up to eight/one-hundredths percent in ì
ì
its first month of operation. The fluctuations in solar ì
ì
radiation correspond to a change of up to 10 degrees Kelvin ì
ì
(18 degrees Fahrenheit) in the sun's average temperature of ì
ì
6,000 Kelvin (11,000 degrees Fahrenheit).
The newly measured changes in the sun's output of ì
ì
energy may be related to sunspot or solar flare activity, ì
ì
according to meteorologist and physicist Dr. Richard C. ì
ì
Willson of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., ì
ì
who developed an instrument to measure the sun's radiance for ì
ì
the Solar Maximum Mission observatory satellite.
The instrument, called an Active Cavity Radiometer ì
ì
Irradiance Monitor (ACRIM), one of seven experiments on the ì
ì
satellite, is capable of detecting changes in the sun's ì
ì
release of energy as small as one/one-thousandth percent. ì
The ACRIM measures the optical portion (from far-ultraviolet ì
ì
to far-infrared radiation) of the radiation that falls on top ì
ì
of Earth's upper atmosphere.
An increase or decrease in the sun's release of ì
ì
energy -- as little as 0.5 percent per century -- can produce ì
ì
vast changes in the Earth's climate. It is estimated that a ì
ì
drop of just one percent in the sun's output of radiation ì
ì
would decrease Earth's mean global temperature by more than 1 ì
ì
Kelvin (2 degrees Fahrenheit). The entire Earth would be ì
ì
covered with ice if the sun's radiation decreased by only 6 ì
ì
percent.
The entire history of humankind, lived out in the ì
ì
last several million years, has occurred during abnormally ì
ì
cold times. There is evidence that the Earth has been ì
ì
growing colder for about 90 million years, and scientists ì
ì
believe the average global temperature may drop ten or more ì
ì
degrees in the next several million years.
One hundred fifty million years ago, Earth was ì
ì
approximately 15 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than it is today. ì
ì
Since then, numerous warming and cooling climatic cycles have ì
ì
occurred. These cycles, which occur with frequencies ranging ì
ì
from 22 years to millions of years, have caused ice ages, ì
ì
ranging in severity from major glacial epochs to "little ice ì
ì
ages."
The last "little ice age," which began in the mid-ì
ì
17th century and lasted through the mid-19th century, was ì
ì
marked by a one-and-a-half degree drop from the present mean ì
ì
global temperature of about 58 degrees Fahrenheit. This ì
slight change in the Earth's average temperature resulted in ì
ì
an observable increase of glaciation in the Alps.
The Solar Maximum Mission satellite, launched into ì
ì
a 310-mile orbit above Earth last Feb. 14, is managed for ì
ì
NASA's Office of Space Science and the Office of Space and ì
ì
Technology Applications by the Goddard Space Flight Center, ì
ì
Greenbelt, Md.
The spacecraft's observations are part of NASA's ì
ì
solar monitoring program, now focused on studying the sun ì
ì
during the Solar Maximum Year -- a 19-month period when ì
ì
sunspot activity, which rises and falls in an 11-year cycle, ì
ì
is at a peak.
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